Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world…
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Circuit breakers are the “final control elements” of the…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with…
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit…
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called…
Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will…
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position…
The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to…
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is…
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to…
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some…
Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause much confusion…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified…
Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer…
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the…
Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a…
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is…
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and…
As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere…
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit…
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than…
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position…
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation…
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many…
Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as…
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I…
