Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and…
Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic…
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring…
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first…
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of…
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability…
Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental…
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I…
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and…
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic…
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is…
First, let us review some of the properties of differentials and…
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving…
There are many process control applications in the industry where it…
PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief…
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad…
When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I…
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with…
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world…
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to…
An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a…
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic…
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the…
Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good…
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net…
While the term “probability” may evoke images of…
