RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force…
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract…
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those…
The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the…
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of…
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and…
A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly…
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration…
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe.…
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not…
A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to…
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with…
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam…
There are many process control applications in the industry where it…
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits.…
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal…
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism…
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is…
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with…
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a…
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position…
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the…
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to…
