Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam…
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement…
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than…
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors…
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation…
The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to…
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure.…
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer…
Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to…
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic…
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid…
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus…
Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a…
Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern:…
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function…
Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for…
A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids…
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the…
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe.…
A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a…
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring…
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a…
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process…
An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an…
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a…
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position…
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a…
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph,…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of…
