Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the…
First and foremost, you need to get your very own PLC to work with.…
Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet)…
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change…
One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where…
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical…
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net…
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to…
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a…
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but…
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all…
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions…
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical…
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to…
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety…
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to…
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By…
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic…
First and foremost, you need to get your very own PLC to work with.…
Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation…
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits.…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing…
Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to…
The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult…
Circuit breakers are the “final control elements” of the…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional…
Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some…
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an…
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for…
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment…
