Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in…
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability…
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the…
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the…
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit…
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety…
Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One…
The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down…
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this:…
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for…
An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is…
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an…
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors…
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring…
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph,…
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is…
A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly…
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and…
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process…
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the…
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level…
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits.…
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a…
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this:…
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
