Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in…
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly…
Circuit breakers are the “final control elements” of the…
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the…
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols…
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many…
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first…
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy…
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three…
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess…
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for…
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the…
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is…
A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the…
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to…
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the…
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems,…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe.…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
Control valves are subject to a number of common problems. This…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of…
The advent of “smart” field instruments containing…
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some…
