Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in…
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square…
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam…
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus…
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle…
PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief…
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long…
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the…
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a…
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal…
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require…
A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading…
Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as…
Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the…
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause much confusion…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer…
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of…
A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly…
A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some…
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100…
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By…
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process…
