Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of…
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to…
As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the…
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an…
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the…
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973,…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice.…
Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer…
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not…
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration…
The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional…
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an…
Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic…
A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe.…
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph,…
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring…
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
First and foremost, you need to get your very own PLC to work with.…
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force…
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task…
A very helpful method for understanding the operation of proportional,…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical…
While the term “probability” may evoke images of…
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One…
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in…
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an…
A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored…
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process…
For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of…
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the…
Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
A very helpful method for understanding the operation of proportional,…
To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing…
