Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the…
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy…
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols…
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus…
The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of…
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to…
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration…
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the…
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of…
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not…
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its…
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a…
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they…
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial…
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the…
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer…
Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid…
Programmable logic controllers are built to input various signal types…
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid…
Circuit breakers are the “final control elements” of the…
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate,…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass…
Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern:…
Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a…
There are many process control applications in the industry where it…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional…
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types:…
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed…
One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying…
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three…
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols…
Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement…
