RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe.…
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to…
Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very…
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering…
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the…
Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of…
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a…
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement…
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not…
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent…
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid…
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the…
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly…
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical…
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC…
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by…
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an…
