RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe.…
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which…
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square…
The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal…
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to…
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the…
The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric…
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate,…
Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid…
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial…
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy…
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic…
Circuit breakers are the “final control elements” of the…
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
All substances are comprised of various elements in various…
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and…
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I…
For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of…
Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation…
Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the…
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly…