The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a…
In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do…
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called…
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square…
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and…
A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is…
Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types:…
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract…
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the…
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater…
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to…
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass…
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic…
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some…
Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid…
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the…
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of…
In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how…
Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the…
A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids…
Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical…
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973,…
Control valves are subject to a number of common problems. This…
Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to…
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
All substances are comprised of various elements in various…
