A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass…
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe.…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
There are many process control applications in the industry where it…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task…
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise…
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but…
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard…
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation…
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits.…
Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical…
An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit…
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position…
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for…
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process…
Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric…
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical…
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
Programmable logic controllers are built to input various signal types…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some…
The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to…
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and…
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to…
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic…
The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which…
