The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric…
A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical…
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the…
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation…
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to…
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial…
A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch…
A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe.…
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position…
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is…
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations…
Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task…
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of…
One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where…
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100…
A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is…
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
