One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
There are many process control applications in the industry where it…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all…
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry,…
Control valves are subject to a number of common problems. This…
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard…
A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids…
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC…
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the…
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors…
One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given…
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical…
An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one…
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to…
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical…
In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do…
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of…
An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC…
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of…
