The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function…
The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy…
A very helpful method for understanding the operation of proportional,…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation…
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus…
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for…
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to…
Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause much confusion…
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a…
Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a…
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC…
Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as…
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent…
Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good…
While the term “probability” may evoke images of…
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems,…
Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net…
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on…
Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as…
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
Programmable logic controllers are built to input various signal types…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this:…
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic…
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation…
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to…
A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
