An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973,…
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment…
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC…
A very helpful method for understanding the operation of proportional,…
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring…
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors…
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the…
A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a…
As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere…
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus…
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force…
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is…
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change…
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a…
In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive…
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position…
As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the…
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety…
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or…
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving…
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems,…
The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of…
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement…
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the…
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial…
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct…
The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC…
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the…
