Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net…
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those…
A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules…
As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the…
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to…
An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
A very helpful method for understanding the operation of proportional,…
A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a…
For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of…
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change…
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric…
Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to…
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a…
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which…
An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a…
A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a…
Circuit breakers are the “final control elements” of the…
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed…
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow…
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric…
Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will…
To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is…
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly…
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer…
