A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored…
Programmable logic controllers are built to input various signal types…
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves…
Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric…
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the…
A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This…
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial…
A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules…
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits.…
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how…
The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or…
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to…
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise…
An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One…
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the…
Programmable logic controllers are built to input various signal types…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate,…
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism…
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square…
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the…
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world…
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is…
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a…
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created…
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess…
