Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium…
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed…
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise…
An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a…
Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net…
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors…
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to…
A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch…
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one…
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change…
To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to…
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of…
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position…
In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical…
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols…
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit…
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical…
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation…
A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some…
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric…
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are…
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus…
An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to…
Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to…
