The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and…
A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
First and foremost, you need to get your very own PLC to work with.…
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols…
Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid…
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic…
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the…
Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid…
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard…
A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to…
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by…
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of…
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus…
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass…
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a…
An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an…
Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric…
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern:…
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic…
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
The advent of “smart” field instruments containing…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the…
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves…
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph,…
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require…
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial…
