The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and…
A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause much confusion…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves…
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic…
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the…
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with…
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to…
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of…
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and…
A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to…
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will…
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure.…
The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to…
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world…
Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer…
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical…
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to…
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called…
Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and…
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the…
A very helpful method for understanding the operation of proportional,…
Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid…
