Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By…
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to…
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the…
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate,…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this:…
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring…
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment…
An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a…
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy…
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental…
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving…
For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly…
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation…
An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to…
Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will…
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some…
The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of…
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a…
Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid…
An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is…
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
