One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits…
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level…
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do…
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal…
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to…
Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a…
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of…
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the…
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors…
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is…
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to…
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the…
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety…
Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly…
Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to…
Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified…
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the…
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many…
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary)…
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the…
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
