Recent content by Ducnht

Before designing a generator from scratch, check what the controller actually measures: DEIF genset/sync controllers expect VT-level AC voltage inputs (typically from around 100 V up to 690 V nominal, so check your model's datasheet) and 1 A/5 A CT inputs. A microcontroller plus audio amplifier...

That "invalid licence" after about a minute is typical of a licence bound to the original hardware (hardware ID, MAC address, disk serial, or a dongle). The VM test did its job: it shows the image can't simply move to new hardware as-is. The clean way forward: 1. Contact Efacec, or the...

Agree that legacy PLCs are a real concern. Most were designed for closed networks, with no authentication on programming or write commands. I would push back a little on Stuxnet still sitting dormant in most control systems, though. It was highly targeted, and the realistic risk today is more...

Good pointer, mercator. One CRA nuance worth adding for anyone landing on this thread: the obligations fall on the manufacturer of the product with digital elements, not on the protocol itself. A device that still speaks Modbus RTU is not automatically non-compliant, but the manufacturer has to...

A few points from the security / operations side: 1. Unpruned trunks: I would prune. With every VLAN on every trunk, a loop or broadcast storm in one substation VLAN can reach all 10 sites, and a single misconfigured or compromised port has layer-2 reach everywhere. Allow only the VLANs each...

One practical point I’d add is that “moving to Ethernet” does not automatically make Modbus secure. For legacy OT environments, I usually look first at segmentation, access control, protocol exposure, remote access paths, and monitoring before thinking about protocol replacement. In many plants...