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In my opinion 0-10Vdc signals are -not- common practice. 4-20mA is mostly used and can easily be converted to voltage at the point where the signals need to be measured with a simple resistor. Voltage signals are way to susceptible to noise in industrial environments.

this can be of help to you: https://vfds.com/blog/can-a-vfd-convert-single-phase-power-to-three-phase/

If you cannot get one, we can always have a duplex thermocouple made for you according to your specification. We deliver 1000s of thermocouples on a yearly basis, many built according to the customers specifications. See: https://cascade.net/en/thermocouples-pt100-elements/

I also think the supplier must be contacted for the alignment procedure.

And what is your question exactly?

Sometimes calibrators have open thermocouple detection circuits that send small pulses to detect if the thermocouple is open. On some calibrators you can disable this open thermocouple detection. This can influence the measurement you connect to the simulator. Please try to find this setting and...

You must see a ladder diagram as a normal hardware wired control cabinet with contacts and relays. The contacts are on the left, the relays on the right. In a hardware control all lines of contacts controlling the relays happen together and at once. That is something to keep in your mind very...

The most simple interface for temperature controllers is from my experience ModBus RTU RS-485. Open, easy to implement in software and very reliable.

Good idea. Be prepared before anything breaks down. I would add: - standard delivery time from supplier (in case you need to order spares) - minimum on stock as spares - current and up to date manuals of the equipment/instrumentation - if present: communication interface type incl...

I developed a very universal control system for this a few years ago. It is successfully in use by many small and micro breweries in the Netherlands and Belgium. It is so universal that also companies use it for making soup/sauces etc. It also has a recipe manager function if you use many...

I would have no problem with putting it in the 1st rung. As long it is not too complex. When the 1st rung was very complex with many conditions, I would have split it up because of ease of debugging in case of problems and because of serviceability of the code (for future upgrades). But since...

Check this: https://cascade.net/en/modular-plcs/ Also cheap, but built -very rugged- to automotive electronics specifications. We sell 100s each year, not a single one broke down in the last 15 years...... For Modbus TCP and RTU, also for ProfiBUS & CanOpen. Many kinds of inputs/outputs to suit...

I fully agree with Fil. For industrial applications thermocouples are way more mechanically robust and RTDs are too fragile. I only use RTDs for calibration purposes when I need to be accurate to about 0.01°C or even less, then I use 4 wire. We also do a lot of calibration over here. See...

My personal experience is that RTDs are: - electrically sensitive with regard to cabling and connection. This influences the reading, but can be compensated by using 3 or 4 wire compensation - mechanically sensitive and easily break Therefore in factories I only use thermocouples, why? -...

much more information is needed for assistance. If you don't give much information, you get many questions to answer. I'm -assuming- you connected everything ok. Judging from the picture it is -very- easy to swap the power supply and outcoming connectors.......... do you have a sketch or...

I have seen this happening before in kilns and furnaces. It can have many causes, so in order to be able to help you better, you have to give a more detailed description of what the problem is, which type of thermocouple, type of process, how you measure etc. What device you use to measure. Are...

A single class with derivatives in a tree like structure is always better on the long run. Over the years the changes will come. And when you have changes you want them for all the vessels to be implemented. I remember that updating software was very easy in this way (I used ObjectAutomation PLC...

You could also use Pro-face touchpanels that act as the Profibus slaves. During my times working with the ObjectAutomation PLC, we designed the PLC software in such a way, that every part in the software had a "simulation" bit input. When this input was high, the part of the software acted...

I would give this advice: At first you think, where do I need all this theory for? What's the purpose of all this mathematics.....it is all so extremely abstract and seems without a purpose. However, think of it as the concrete basis of the house you are going to live in. The foundation of your...