In short, HART requires a loop impedance of at least 230ohm for communications be possible. Typically, a 250ohm resistor is used in series in the loop.
1. Shunt/terminator: for HART transmission is done by modulating the loop current at 1200/2200 Hz about 1 mA, but reception is done by picking up a voltage drop. The resistor acts as a shunt so that the transmitted current creates the voltage drop sensed by the receivers.
2. Short protection: the DC power supply if connected directly to the HART devices will short the superimposed AC communication signal. The resistor ensures that the DC supply does not short the AC signal.
This is explained in chapter 3 and 11 of the book "Fieldbuses for Process
Control: Engineering, Operation, and Maintenance" (buy online in hardcopy or
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