# Transformer circuit calculations

## Electricity and Electronics

• #### Question 1

If an {\it isolation transformer} (a transformer with the same number of turns’’ in the primary and secondary coils) is connected between an AC source and an AC load, we will measure the same voltage and the same current at both source and load terminals:

If we calculate power output by the source and power dissipated by the load, the value is the same: 420 Watts ($P = IV$).

Now suppose we analyze a circuit containing a {\it step-up} transformer (one with more turns of wire in the secondary coil than in the primary coil). With a step-up transformer, the load voltage will be greater than the supply voltage. In this example, I show a step-up transformer with a 1:2 step ratio:

Assuming the load resistance is completely different from the first (isolation transformer) circuit, what can you deduce about the load current and the power (both source and load) in this circuit? Is the load current less than the source current? Is the load current greater than the source current? Is the load power greater than the source power? Explain your answers.

• #### Question 2

Industrial {\it control power transformers} are used to step down 480 or 240 volts to a level more acceptable for relay control circuitry: usually 120 volts. Some control power transformers are built with multiple primary windings, to facilitate connection to either a 480 volt or 240 volt AC power source:

Such transformers are usually advertised as having 240 $\times$ 480’’ primary windings, the $\times$’’ symbol representing two independent windings with four connection points (H1 through H4).

Show the connections on the four H’’ terminals necessary for 240 volt operation, and also for 480 volt operation, on the following illustrations:

• #### Question 3

Calculate all listed values for this transformer circuit:

{\bullet} $V_{primary} =$
{\bullet} $V_{secondary} =$
{\bullet} $I_{primary} =$
{\bullet} $I_{secondary} =$

Explain whether this is a {\it step-up}, {\it step-down}, or {\it isolation} transformer, and also explain what distinguishes the primary’’ winding from the secondary’’ winding in any transformer.

• #### Question 4

$I_{load}$ = {hskip 80pt}$V_{load}$ =

• #### Question 5

Calculate the source current and load current in this transformer circuit:

$I_{source}$ = {hskip 80pt}$I_{load}$ =

• #### Question 6

Calculate all voltages and all currents in this circuit, given the component values and the number of turns in each of the transformer’s windings:

• #### Question 7

Calculate all voltages and all currents in this transformer circuit, assuming the 170 ohm resistor carries a current of 5.8 mA:

{\bullet} $V_{primary}$ =
{\bullet} $V_{secondary}$ =
{\bullet} $I_{primary}$ =
{\bullet} $I_{secondary}$ =

• #### Question 8

Calculate all voltages and all currents in this transformer circuit, assuming the 5 ohm resistor carries a current of 10 amps:

{\bullet} $V_{primary}$ =
{\bullet} $V_{secondary}$ =
{\bullet} $I_{primary}$ =
{\bullet} $I_{secondary}$ =

• #### Question 9

Calculate all voltages and all currents in this transformer circuit, assuming the 3.3 k$\Omega$ resistor drops 40 volts:

{\bullet} $V_{source}$ =
{\bullet} $V_{primary}$ =
{\bullet} $V_{secondary}$ =
{\bullet} $I_{source}$ =
{\bullet} $I_{primary}$ =
{\bullet} $I_{secondary}$ =

• #### Question 10

Calculate all voltages and all currents in this transformer circuit, assuming the 3.3 k$\Omega$ resistor drops 13 volts:

{\bullet} $V_{source}$ =
{\bullet} $V_{primary}$ =
{\bullet} $V_{secondary}$ =
{\bullet} $I_{source}$ =
{\bullet} $I_{primary}$ =
{\bullet} $I_{secondary}$ =

• #### Question 11

Suppose a power system were delivering AC power to a resistive load drawing 150 amps:

Calculate the load voltage, load power dissipation, the power dissipated by the wire resistance ($R_{wire}$), and the overall power efficiency ($\eta = {P_{load} \over P_{source}}$).

$E_{load} =$
$P_{load} =$
$P_{lines} =$
$\eta =$

Now, suppose we were to use a pair of perfectly efficient 10:1 transformers to step the voltage up for transmission, and back down again for use at the load. Re-calculate the load voltage, load power, wasted power, and overall efficiency of this system:

$E_{load} =$
$P_{load} =$
$P_{lines} =$
$\eta =$

• #### Question 12

How much current will be output by a current transformer if the load current is 350 amps and the CT ratio is 600:5?

• #### Question 13

Calculate the primary winding current (magnitude and phase angle) for this resistively loaded isolation transformer, with primary and secondary inductances of 18 Henrys each:

Also, draw an equivalent schematic diagram (with no transformer in it) illustrating the impedance seen’’ by the AC power source. Assume no winding resistance in either transformer winding, and a magnetic coupling coefficient between the two windings of exactly 1.

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1 Comment
• M
msakho7 February 07, 2021

It will be very useful if you show the formulas or how you got the answers. Thank you

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