RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
Textbook
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
Textbook
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
Textbook
The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
Textbook
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
Textbook
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
Textbook
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
Textbook
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
Textbook
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
Textbook
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
Textbook
A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
Textbook
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
Textbook
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
Textbook
The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
Textbook
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
Textbook
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
Textbook
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
Textbook
Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
Textbook
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
Textbook
A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin