In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult for new students of instrumentation to…
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For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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