Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and control functions, acting as logic…
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Like many other mathematical operations, the derivative and the integral perform inverse operations from each…
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