Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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