Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle…
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism…
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to…
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change…
Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long…
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of…
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function…
To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing…
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise…
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in…
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the…
One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where…
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of…
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square…
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given…
Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not…
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with…
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not…
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass…
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring…
As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere…
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a…
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess…
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph,…
Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good…
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment…
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a…
Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating…
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very…
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph,…
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater…
Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet)…
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal…
The advent of “smart” field instruments containing…
In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical…
Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the…
As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the…