Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional form. The phasor rotates in a complex…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and control functions, acting as logic…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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