The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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Like many other mathematical operations, the derivative and the integral perform inverse operations from each…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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