Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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