In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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