To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and reactance: \[Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L -…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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