Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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