A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to…
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle…
A very helpful method for understanding the operation of proportional,…
A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch…
Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits.…
An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not…
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some…
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an…
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all…
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical…
The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric…
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called…
In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic…
Programmable logic controllers are built to input various signal types…
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in…
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates…
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly…
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe.…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One…
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all…
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle…
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety…
