A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere…
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require…
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement…
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to…
A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very…
Programmable logic controllers are built to input various signal types…
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits.…
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to…
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the…
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which…
The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require…
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive…
First and foremost, you need to get your very own PLC to work with.…
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe.…
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a…
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit…
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment…
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position…
