Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure.…
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation…
All substances are comprised of various elements in various…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
A very helpful method for understanding the operation of proportional,…
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one…
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial…
In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the…
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic…
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving…
Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net…
The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or…
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world…
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they…
A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly…
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first…
Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One…
The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which…
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its…
One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying…
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s…
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration…
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than…
“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but…
In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how…
