Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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A flow switch is one that detects the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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