A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
Textbook
In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
Textbook
Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
Textbook
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
Textbook
Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
Textbook
In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
Textbook
Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
Textbook
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
Textbook
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
Textbook
A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
Textbook
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
Textbook
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
Textbook
One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
Textbook
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
Textbook
The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
Textbook
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin