Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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