Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and control functions, acting as logic…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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