To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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