Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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