Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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