An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a…
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the…
Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet)…
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they…
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in…
Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic…
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one…
Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either…
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three…
Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate…
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change…
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a…
All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in…
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly…
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with…
Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet)…
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in…
While the term “probability” may evoke images of…
Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not…
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism…
Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either…
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100…
A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This…
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored…
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph,…
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment…
In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical…
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater…
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions…
In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how…
