These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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