Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the…
PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief…
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate,…
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety…
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function…
First and foremost, you need to get your very own PLC to work with.…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic…
Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice.…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the…
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of…
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation…
Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to…
DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process…
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems,…
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit…
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to…
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent…
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a…
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical…
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of…
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given…
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the…
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level…
To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary)…
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability…
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By…
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
