Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
First and foremost, you need to get your very own PLC to work with.…
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level…
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By…
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
A very helpful method for understanding the operation of proportional,…
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for…
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional…
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid…
Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a…
Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task…
To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing…
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called…
Programmable logic controllers are built to input various signal types…
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the…
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe.…
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with…
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to…
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors…
A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is…
Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net…
All substances are comprised of various elements in various…
Programmable logic controllers are built to input various signal types…
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of…
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves…
To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation…
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force…
The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to…
