By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
Textbook
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
Textbook
A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
Textbook
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
Textbook
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
Textbook
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
Textbook
Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
Textbook
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
Textbook
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
Textbook
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
Textbook
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
Textbook
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
Textbook
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
Textbook
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
Textbook
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
Textbook
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
Textbook
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
Textbook
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
Textbook
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
Textbook
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
Textbook
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
Textbook
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
Textbook
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
Textbook
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
Textbook
Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
Textbook
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
Textbook
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
Textbook
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
Textbook
Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
Textbook
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
Textbook
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
Textbook
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
Textbook
Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
Textbook
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
Textbook
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
Textbook
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
Textbook
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
Textbook
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
Textbook
One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
Textbook
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
Textbook
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
Textbook
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin