Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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