Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety…
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the…
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract…
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical…
While the term “probability” may evoke images of…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the…
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard…
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this:…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity…
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic…
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those…
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100…
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some…
Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental…
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a…
Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long…
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of…
A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
