A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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