“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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