Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits.…
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is…
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate…
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial…
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions…
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a…
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment…
Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop…
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to…
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all…
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure.…
Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the…
An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a…
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing…
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the…
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle…
Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a…
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the…
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic…
Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to…
Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad…
