A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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