Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will…
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to…
Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad…
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC…
To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to…
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this:…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern:…
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive…
Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium…
Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause much confusion…
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with…
Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I…
An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a…
Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern:…
To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary)…
An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it…
As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the…
Circuit breakers are the “final control elements” of the…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC…
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a…
