Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will…
Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will…
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly…
The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which…
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of…
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they…
Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice.…
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of…
There are many process control applications in the industry where it…
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial…
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
Control valves are subject to a number of common problems. This…
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment…
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created…
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of…
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater…
An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a…
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very…
In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical…
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial…
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit…
The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which…
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is…
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all…
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly…
When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I…
Control valves are subject to a number of common problems. This…
Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task…
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those…
Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental…
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some…
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass…
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to…
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this:…
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
