Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will…
Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the…
The advent of “smart” field instruments containing…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems,…
For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of…
Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
Linearity of Measurement Instruments The purpose of calibration is to…
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a…
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit…
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of…
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols…
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe.…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is…
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and…
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to…
While the term “probability” may evoke images of…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an…
An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it…
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering…
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems,…
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to…
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions…
In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how…
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to…
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to…
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical…
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow…