Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
Textbook
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
Textbook
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
Textbook
Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
Textbook
A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
Textbook
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
Textbook
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
Textbook
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
Textbook
An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
Textbook
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
Textbook
Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
Textbook
Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
Textbook
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
Textbook
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
Textbook
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
Textbook
One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
Textbook
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
Textbook
Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
Textbook
Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
Textbook
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
Textbook
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
Textbook
Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
Textbook
Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
Textbook
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
Textbook
In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
Textbook
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
Textbook
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
Textbook
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
Textbook
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
Textbook
There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin