Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam…
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater…
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle…
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive…
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy…
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure.…
Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a…
Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical…
The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of…
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise…
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for…
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit…
The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult…
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical…
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the…
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given…
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which…
To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary)…
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three…
Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not…
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to…
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater…
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation…
