Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial…
To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing…
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a…
In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical…
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations…
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of…
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise…
“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but…
Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a…
Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a…
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a…
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than…
Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types:…
Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating…
In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how…
Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as…
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors…
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration…
Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a…
One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying…
A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only…
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog…
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering…
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many…
Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for…
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is…
The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater…
