RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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