The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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A pressure switch is one that detects the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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