The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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