Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
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