Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change…
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is…
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s…
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate…
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a…
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job…
Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
Distance relaying is used to detect faults on long-distance lines,…
Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits…
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate,…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal…
Potential transformers step voltage up or down to prioritize…
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a…
A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity…
Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation…
The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional…
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all…
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square…
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment…
Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for…
