Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
Textbook
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
Textbook
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
Textbook
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
Textbook
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
Textbook
Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
Textbook
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
Textbook
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
Textbook
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
Textbook
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
Textbook
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and control functions, acting as logic…
Textbook
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
Textbook
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
Textbook
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
Textbook
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
Textbook
The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
Textbook
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
Textbook
A pressure switch is one that detects the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms…
Textbook
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
Textbook
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
Textbook
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
Textbook
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
Textbook
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
Textbook
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
Textbook
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
Textbook
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
Textbook
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
Textbook
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
Textbook
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
Textbook
For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
Textbook
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
Textbook
Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
Textbook
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
Textbook
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
Textbook
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin