Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s…
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical…
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate…
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is…
Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal…
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change…
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the…
All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in…
A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch…
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to…
In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical…
The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult…
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial…
In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how…
Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will…
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a…
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass…
An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…
