Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols…
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern:…
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to…
Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified…
There are many process control applications in the industry where it…
A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe.…
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus…
Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent…
To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing…
Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to…
The advent of “smart” field instruments containing…
Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical…
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a…
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of…
An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an…
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe.…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate,…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of…
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world…
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973,…
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with…
Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types:…
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal…
