Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary)…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the…
PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief…
Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet)…
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of…
Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to…
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the…
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits.…
Circuit breakers are the “final control elements” of the…
Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to…
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to…
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed…
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a…
One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are…
Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation…
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed…
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they…
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first…
Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to…
Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical…
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to…
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the…
Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as…
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates…
A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading…
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal…
An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it…
