Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
Textbook
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
Textbook
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
Textbook
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
Textbook
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
Textbook
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
Textbook
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
Textbook
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
Textbook
PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
Textbook
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
Textbook
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
Textbook
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
Textbook
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
Textbook
Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
Textbook
Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
Textbook
As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
Textbook
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
Textbook
Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
Textbook
A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
Textbook
Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
Textbook
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
Textbook
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
Textbook
The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
Textbook
While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
Textbook
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
Textbook
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
Textbook
Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
Textbook
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
Textbook
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
Textbook
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin