A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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In our first signal characterization example, we tackle the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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