The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
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An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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In our first signal characterization example, we tackle the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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