Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given…
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to…
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic…
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause much confusion…
Direction of current flow is a significant characteristic of…
For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of…
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to…
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement…
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to…
A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe.…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which…
An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a…
A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct…
All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric…
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent…
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and…
ANSI and IEEE codes dictate the use and restrictions of devices and…
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and…
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than…
One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
Differential current protection, much like a ground fault…
There are many process control applications in the industry where it…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause much confusion…
The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but…
