Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the…
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess…
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration…
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving…
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level…
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for…
The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric…
Circuit breakers are the “final control elements” of the…
A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying…
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s…
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but…
Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad…
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability…
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to…
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created…
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity…
“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but…
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973,…
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position…
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and…
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph,…
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to…
Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which…
An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
