Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the…
Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a…
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit…
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and…
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer…
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial…
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first…
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of…
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive…
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract…
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the…
A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe.…
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass…
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than…
One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where…
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit…
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with…
An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it…
Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many…
A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids…
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the…
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam…
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic…
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the…
As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the…
Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a…
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to…
A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules…
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all…
A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct…
The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of…