A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of…
DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process…
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process…
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to…
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow…
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all…
One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are…
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and…
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment…
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure.…
A very helpful method for understanding the operation of proportional,…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types:…
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle…
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a…
Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation…
DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process…
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy…
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first…
Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and…
Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid…
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the…
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation…
Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net…
“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
