Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By…
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the…
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer…
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and…
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
Despite PLC properties and features changing over the years, the core…
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow…
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism…
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first…
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical…
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
Distance relaying is used to detect faults on long-distance lines,…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and…
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require…
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid…
Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified…
To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary)…
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed…
The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC…
The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional…
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973,…
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a…
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the…
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus…
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves…
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate,…
