Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer…
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit…
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By…
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer…
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and…
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids…
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I…
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the…
Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task…
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog…
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a…
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive…
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the…
An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a…
While the term “probability” may evoke images of…
There are many process control applications in the industry where it…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position…
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a…
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is…
Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop…
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is…
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation…
Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental…
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they…
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic…
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and…
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess…
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very…
All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in…
Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One…
Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry,…
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate,…
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the…
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified…
An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a…
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with…
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and…
