An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer…
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit…
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer…
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By…
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the…
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for…
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of…
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of…
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a…
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise…
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph,…
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits.…
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration…
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment…
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic…
A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading…
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to…
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which…
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols…
Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to…
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of…
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation…
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy…
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very…
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration…
Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a…
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in…
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability…
