Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
Textbook
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
Textbook
Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
Textbook
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
Textbook
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
Textbook
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
Textbook
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
Textbook
An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
Textbook
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
Textbook
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
Textbook
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
Textbook
Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
Textbook
Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
Textbook
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
Textbook
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
Textbook
All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
Textbook
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
Textbook
Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
Textbook
To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
Textbook
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
Textbook
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
Textbook
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
Textbook
The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
Textbook
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
Textbook
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
Textbook
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
Textbook
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
Textbook
As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
Textbook
An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
Textbook
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
Textbook
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
Textbook
In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
Textbook
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
Textbook
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
Textbook
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
Textbook
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
Textbook
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
Textbook
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
Textbook
A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
Textbook
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin