Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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