Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and reactance: \[Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L -…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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