The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
Textbook
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
Textbook
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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