Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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