Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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A pressure switch is one that detects the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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