I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern:…
Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the…
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world…
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one…
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of…
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering…
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one…
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the…
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I…
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving…
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates…
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973,…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the…
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols…
Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating…
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where…
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to…
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which…
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical…
Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad…
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level…
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems,…
Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the…
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow…
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment…
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic…
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the…
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the…
The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of…
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they…