Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
Textbook
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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A pressure switch is one that detects the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
Textbook
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
Textbook
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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