There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and reactance: \[Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L -…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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