Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
Textbook
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
Textbook
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
Textbook
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
Textbook
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
Textbook
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
Textbook
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
Textbook
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
Textbook
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
Textbook
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
Textbook
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
Textbook
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
Textbook
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
Textbook
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
Textbook
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
Textbook
To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
Textbook
Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
Textbook
In our first signal characterization example, we tackle the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
Textbook
Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
Textbook
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
Textbook
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
Textbook
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
Textbook
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
Textbook
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
Textbook
A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
Textbook
The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
Textbook
A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
Textbook
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
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