Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an…
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety…
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for…
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given…
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I…
Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates…
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973,…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving…
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates…
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one…
An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the…
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the…
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering…
Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I…
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the…
When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I…
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and…
Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern:…
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change…
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess…
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100…
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves…
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by…
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the…
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is…
Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a…
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement…
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit…
