Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Linearity of Measurement Instruments The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
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