One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
Textbook
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
Textbook
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