In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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