Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and control functions, acting as logic…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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