Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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