A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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Like many other mathematical operations, the derivative and the integral perform inverse operations from each…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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A pressure switch is one that detects the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms…
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Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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