There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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